Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disease burden globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the major part of death related to NCDs followed by different types of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes. As the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations have announced a 25% reduction in mortality of NCDs by 2025, different communities need to adopt preventive strategies for achieving this goal. Personalized Medicine approach as a predictive and preventive strategy aims for a better therapeutic goal to the patients to maximize benefits and reduce harms. The clinical benefits of this approach are already realized in cancer targeted therapy, and its impact on other conditions needs more studies in different societies. In this review, we essentially describe the concept of personalized (or Precision) Medicine in association with NCDs and the future of Precision Medicine in prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment.

Introduction: Genetics, cellular and molecular Medicines are cutting-edge sciences and technologies that play an important role in improving human health and quality of life. In addition, medical and biological sciences have clearly shown that the onset of diseases differs from person to person due to their different genetic profiles and variations in molecular basis. Therefore, it is feasible that patients respond differently to a single treatment. Personalized Medicine is a new field of Medicine aims to tailor medical treatments to the individual characteristics of patients. In this review, in addition to genomics and personalized Medicine, we touch upon common techniques in this field and the future of personalized Medicine. With this development, people can get more information about the possibility of contracting diseases like cancer and early-stage treatments as well as personalized therapies based on their genetic characteristics. Technologies, such as mutation detection in the genome, microarrays or microchips, and next-generation sequencing of the human genome, have not only made molecular detection better and easier but also facilitated the integration of molecular detection with targeted drug delivery for the development of novel personalized treatment.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important health issues around the world and a major risk factor for both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. The etiology of MetS is determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Effective prevention and treatment of MetS notably decreases the risk of its complications such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. According to recent genome-wide association studies, multiple genes are involved in the incidence and development of MetS. The presence of particular genes which are responsible for obesity and lipid metabolism, affecting insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, as well as genes associated with inflammation, can increase the risk of MetS. These molecular markers, together with clinical data and findings from proteomic, metabolomic, pharmacokinetic, and other methods, would clarify the etiology and pathophysiology of MetS and facilitate the development of personalized approaches to the management of MetS. The application of personalized Medicinebased on susceptibility identified genomes would help physicians recommend healthier lifestyles and prescribe medications to improve various aspects of health in patients with MetS. In recent years, personalized Medicine by genetic testing has helped physicians determine genetic predisposition to MetS, prevent the disease by behavioral, lifestyle-related, or therapeutic interventions, and detect, diagnose, treat, and manage the disease. Clinically, personalized Medicine is providing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of MetS by reducing the time, cost, and failure rate of pharmaceutical clinical trials. It is also eliminating trial-and-error inefficiencies that inflate health care costs and undermine patient care.

A key goal of clinical care is to treat patients as individuals and to approach therapeutics in such a way that it has optimal efficacy and minimal toxicity. With swift technological advances, such as genomic sequencing and molecular targeted drug exploitation, the concept of Precision Medicine has been robustly promoted in recent years. Precision Medicine endeavors to demarcate diseases using multiple data sources from genomics to digital health metrics in order to facilitate an individualized yet “, evidence‑, based”,decision regarding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this way, therapeutics can be centered toward patients based on their molecular presentation rather than grouping them into broad categories with a “, one size fits all”,approach. This review article is aimed to provide a broad overview of the advent and emergence of Precision Medicine in view of its current implications.

Precision Medicine (PM) is an approach that has the power to create the best effect and safety of Medicine and treatment with the least side effects for each person. PM is very helpful as sometimes due to inaccurate or late diagnosis or toxicities of the drugs irreversible side effect for patient's health are generated. This seemingly new and emerging science is also effective in preventing disease, due to differences in the genes, environment, and lifestyles of any particular person. PM can be a prominent criterion in infertility research. To achieve this goal, there should be information from a healthy human body, including genetic and molecular information. A PM is an evolution in health care, which is very helpful even economically. The guarantor of the PM success is the examination of the molecular profile of the patient, including genes, proteins, metabolites, etc. Therefore, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics- based techniques are very important in this regard. Unfortunately, despite extensive studies on PM practice in various fields, male infertility has remained unresponsive. Given that around 20% of couples around the world suffer from infertility, and almost half of them are related to men's problems, the PM approach has a high potential for male infertility. In this study, with the help of proteomics and metabolomics, PM information on male infertility was explored.